patterncppCritical
Why is a call to a virtual member function in the constructor a non-virtual call?
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constructorfunctionwhymemberthevirtualnoncall
Problem
Suppose I have two C++ classes:
If I write the following code:
One might expect that
It turns out that
class A
{
public:
A() { fn(); }
virtual void fn() { _n = 1; }
int getn() { return _n; }
protected:
int _n;
};
class B : public A
{
public:
B() : A() {}
virtual void fn() { _n = 2; }
};If I write the following code:
int main()
{
B b;
int n = b.getn();
}One might expect that
n is set to 2.It turns out that
n is set to 1. Why?Solution
Calling virtual functions from a constructor or destructor is dangerous and should be avoided whenever possible. All C++ implementations should call the version of the function defined at the level of the hierarchy in the current constructor and no further.
The C++ FAQ Lite covers this in section 23.7 in pretty good detail. I suggest reading that (and the rest of the FAQ) for a followup.
Excerpt:
[...] In a constructor, the virtual call mechanism is disabled because overriding from derived classes hasn’t yet happened. Objects are constructed from the base up, “base before derived”.
[...]
Destruction is done “derived class before base class”, so virtual functions behave as in constructors: Only the local definitions are used – and no calls are made to overriding functions to avoid touching the (now destroyed) derived class part of the object.
EDIT Corrected Most to All (thanks litb)
The C++ FAQ Lite covers this in section 23.7 in pretty good detail. I suggest reading that (and the rest of the FAQ) for a followup.
Excerpt:
[...] In a constructor, the virtual call mechanism is disabled because overriding from derived classes hasn’t yet happened. Objects are constructed from the base up, “base before derived”.
[...]
Destruction is done “derived class before base class”, so virtual functions behave as in constructors: Only the local definitions are used – and no calls are made to overriding functions to avoid touching the (now destroyed) derived class part of the object.
EDIT Corrected Most to All (thanks litb)
Context
Stack Overflow Q#962132, score: 313
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