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NP-Hard problems which are not NP-Complete

Submitted by: @import:stackexchange-cs··
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arehardcompletewhichproblemsnot

Problem

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Is it always true that a problem which is ${\sf NP}$-hard but not ${\sf NP}$-complete is an optimization problem such as Minimum-Vertex-Cover and many others.

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Is it always true that a ${\sf NP}$-complete problem is always a decision problem such as vertex cover of size $k$, independent set of size $k$ and many others.

Solution

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No. E.g. the Halting problem is a decision problem which is NP-hard but not in NP and therefore not NP-complete.

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In normal usage yes, because an NP-complete problem must be in NP and NP is a class of decision problems. But see Decision problems vs “real” problems that aren't yes-or-no.

Context

StackExchange Computer Science Q#6910, answer score: 10

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