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How does mathematical software evaluate symbolic sums?

Submitted by: @import:stackexchange-cs··
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howsoftwaredoesevaluatesymbolicsumsmathematical

Problem

Wolfram alpha is able to compute this sum:
$$ \sum_{j=1}^n \binom{j}{2} = \frac{1}{6}(n-1)n(n+1). $$

How can Wolfram alpha do it? What kind of algorithm does it use?

Solution

It uses algorithms discussed in the book A=B by Petkovšek, Wilf and Zeilberger. These algorithms can compute a closed-form expression for a summation of rational functions (in your case, the rational function is $j(j-1)/2$), or determine that no such closed-form expression exists.

Context

StackExchange Computer Science Q#24205, answer score: 2

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