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Why are there $(2kn+1)^{kn}$ Turing Machines with $k$ symbols and $n$ states?

Submitted by: @import:stackexchange-cs··
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whyarewithstatesandmachinessymbolsturingthere2kn

Problem

I've seen a few references [1], [2], [3] that say that for a Turing Machine with transition function defined by:

$\delta: Q \times \Gamma \rightarrow Q \times \Gamma \times \{L, R\}$

the number of turing machines with $n$ states and $k$ tape symbols is $(2kn+1)^{kn}$.

However, looking at the definition, shouldn't it be $(2kn)^{kn}$ instead?

Solution

Perhaps they are counting the number of Turing machines with at most $n$ states. In any case, it's not a big difference. Usually one is only interested in an upper bound, and from that perspective there is no difference between the two expressions.

Context

StackExchange Computer Science Q#41117, answer score: 4

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