Can I run Dijkstra's algorithm using priority queue?

I think I can run Dijkstra's algorithm using any data structure. I do not see any implementation details of Dijkstra's algorithm.

Is a priority queue a possible data structure? Will running Dijkstra's algorithm using a priority queue reduce or increase the complexity? Will I overshoot the problem?

Yes, you can use priority queues to improve the complexity of the algorithm from $O(V^2)$ to $O(|E| + |V| \log|V|)$ where $E$ is the number of edges and $V$ is the number of nodes.

You should consider carefully the number of nodes in your graph and the desired run time before adding complexity to your implementation.

See here for a brief explanation of performance vs difficulty trade offs.

To summarize the blog, using a regular queue can still speed up Dijkstra's algorithm by up to a factor of 4 in most cases, with rarely occurring graphs running in $O(V^3)$. The link says "never" occurring, but that would depend on the actual problem you are solving.

See this for the original research on using min-priority queues to speed up Dijkstra's algorithm, it is the fastest known implementation for Dijkstra's algorithm.

StackExchange Computer Science Q#63821, answer score: 7