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Kolmogorov complexity of a sequence of prime numbers
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Problem
Let's say $p_1, p_2, p_3, \ldots $ is the increasing sorted sequence of all prime numbers. Prove that there exists a constant $n_0 \in \mathbb{N}$, so that for all $n \ge n_0$:
$$K(p_n) < \log_2(p_n) − 2.$$
Hint: Prime number theorem: $p_n \in \Theta (n \ln n)$.
I think, I could have a program A, which generates $p_n$ in $n\ln n$. I could just give A the index of my prime number and it would generate it.
Another idea of mine was to prove it by contradiction and assume the opposite is true but I can't really make that work.
My biggest problem is that I can't find an upper limit to the representation of prime numbers and start from there. Normally I'd just use the factorization for integers…
Any help is appreciated!
$$K(p_n) < \log_2(p_n) − 2.$$
Hint: Prime number theorem: $p_n \in \Theta (n \ln n)$.
I think, I could have a program A, which generates $p_n$ in $n\ln n$. I could just give A the index of my prime number and it would generate it.
Another idea of mine was to prove it by contradiction and assume the opposite is true but I can't really make that work.
My biggest problem is that I can't find an upper limit to the representation of prime numbers and start from there. Normally I'd just use the factorization for integers…
Any help is appreciated!
Solution
Since we can generate $p_n$ given $n$, $K(p_n) \leq K(n) + O(1) \leq \log_2 n + O(1)$. The prime number theorem implies that $p_n = \Theta(n\ln n)$, and so $\log_2(p_n) = \log_2 n + \log_2\log_2 n \pm O(1)$. You take it from here.
Context
StackExchange Computer Science Q#69719, answer score: 3
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