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Is it possible to prove Turing irreducibility

Submitted by: @import:stackexchange-cs··
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Problem

Given two languages $L_1$ and $L_2$, is there a known way to show that $L_1\not\leq_T L_2$?

In other words, is it possible proving that there is no Turing reduction from $L_1$ to $L_2$?

Solution

Let $A_{TM}$ be the language of the Halting problem. Then $\overline{A_{TM}} \nleq_T A_{TM}$, otherwise $A_{TM }$ would be recursive.

Another well-known theorem by Friedberg–Muchnik proves (using the finite injury priority argument) that there are recursively enumerable languages $A$ and $B$ such that $A \nleq_T B$ and $B \nleq_T A$ (pairwise incomparable).

R. Soare's book, for example, has more on this subject.

Context

StackExchange Computer Science Q#86011, answer score: 4

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