MySQL slave replicates changes that are in neither binlog_do_db nor replicate_do_db

I have a standard simple master slave replication that usually runs fine.
But sometimes, all of a sudden, I get replication errors on the "phpmyadmin" table.

I have explicitly only specified one database in replicate_do_db and in binlog_do_db. So it should only log and process that database. Why am I getting errors on another table?

This is the output of master status and slave status:

mysql> show master status \G
1. row
File: mysql-bin.001473
Position: 84364707
Binlog_Do_DB: my-database
Binlog_Ignore_DB:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show slave status \G
1. row
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: my-master-host
Master_User: pm-rep
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.001473
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 82124707
Relay_Log_File: mysqld-relay-bin.000486
Relay_Log_Pos: 38975372
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.001473
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: No
Replicate_Do_DB: my-database
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 1146
Last_Error: Error 'Table 'phpmyadmin.pma_column_info' doesn't exist' on query. Default database: 'my-database'. Query: 'DELETE FROM phpmyadmin.pma_column_info WHERE db_name = 'my-database' AND table_name = 'users' AND column_name = 'INDEX''
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 38975226
Relay_Log_Space: 82125053
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No

Replication filtering isn't bulletproof. Due to how the filtering is implemented the events responsible for your errors are being generated because the default database at query runtime is the my-database schema as expected and the query being executed is fully qualified INSERT INTO phpmyadmin.pma_column_info...

Peter Zaitsev explains the scenario well in this post:

Filtered MySQL Replication

StackExchange Database Administrators Q#78362, answer score: 2