How many rows can SQL Server process in a single INSERT statement into a table?

To illustrate my question, the following is a query detecting order's id which have not been inserted in a data warehouse and inserts them:

With NewOrders 
As
(   
    Select OrderID From Orders
    Except
    Select OrderID From FactOrders
)
Insert Into FactOrders(OrderID, OrderDate, CustomerId)
    Select OrderID, OrderDate, CustomerId From Orders
    Where OrderID in (Select OrderID from NewOrders);

Say the query is run for the first time and Orders contains 400 million rows or more:

Can SQL Server handle this number of rows in one single INSERT statement?

If not, how should I proceed? Should I limit the number of rows fetched in the INSERT statement? How many rows can the engine handle in a single INSERT statement?

According to the documentation the only limitation on the number of rows stored per table is as below


Limited only by available resources

What local resources does this potentially include?

• Memory

• Space in the database data files to physically write the inserted data to

• Space in the database log files

• Space in TempDB (Data and log)

As for how much a single SELECT statement can extract, I cannot find any documentation pertaining to this directly, but I would assume it is safe to take this to be exactly the same as the above.

StackExchange Database Administrators Q#225003, answer score: 17