Blocktastic optimisation

I have written the following code as the level rendering part of a game engine I am writing. I am very happy how it works but as it is the background / level graphics made up of individual blocks it needs to be quick.

What it does it look take the graphics from a resource loaded elsewhere and scales it onto the block if it is in the viewing window.

Blocksize is the size of the blocks and can be increased of decreased and is used to scale the blocks to give the Zoom in and out effect.

How can I improve this code both in terms of speed and shorten it to improve readability?

```
public void render(Graphics g){

//Ensure player co-ords updated
camerax=playerx-(gamewidth/2);
cameray=playery-(gameheight/2);

int blockwidth=blocksize-2;
//Draw coloured blocks
int screenx=-(int)camerax-blocksize;
for (int x=0;x-blocksize && screenx-blocksize && screeny0){
g.drawImage(levelgraphics, screenx,screeny, screenx+blockwidth,screeny+blockwidth, graphicsize,0,graphicsize*2,graphicsize, null);
} else {
g.setColor(new Color( tiles[x][y][1]));
g.fillRect(screenx,screeny,blockwidth,blockwidth);

g.setColor(Color.WHITE);
g.drawString(String.valueOf(x+y*sizex), screenx+5,screeny+20);
}
}
}
}
}

//world - camera = screen, algebra that world = screen + camera
//Add camerax to mouse screen co-ords to convert to world co-ords.
int cursorx_world=(int)camerax+(int)GameInput.mousex;
int cursorx_grid=(int)cursorx_world/blocksize; // World Co-ords / gridsize give grid co-ords
int cursorx_screen=-(int)camerax+(cursorx_grid*blocksize);

//Add cameray to mouse screen co-ords to convert to world co-ords.
int cursory_world=(int)cameray+(int)GameInput.mousey;
int cursory_grid=(int)cursory_world/blocksize;
int cursory_screen=-(int)cameray+(

White spaces are free, use them

Your code is hard to read as all operators are cramped together.

Avoid branches

A missed branch prediction can force your CPU to discard all speculative execution it has done. Although modern CPU's are pretty good at branch prediction, it's a good practice to avoid branches when possible. And in your case it will reduce iterations in the loop.

int screenx = -(int)camerax - blocksize;
for (int x = 0; x  -blocksize && screenx < gamewidth){

should be:

int screenx = -(int)camerax - blocksize;
int xstart = Math.max(0, -(blocksize + screenx) / blocksize);
int xend = Math.min(sizex, (gamewidth - screenx) / blocksize);
screenx += blocksize * xstart; // Edit: We need to keep this value updated too.
for (int x = xstart; x < xend; ++x){
    screenx += blocksize;

and similarly for the inner loop. Depending on the ratio camera size to level size (if I'm interpreting your code correctly) this can give a big speedup.

Hint: The y direction iteration start and end values are independent of the current iteration in x direction so calculate the yend and ystart before entering the first loop.

Caution: The above xstart and xend may be off-by-one as I don't know what all the variables are, adjust to taste.

Edit: Oops just realized this is what Neil mentioned in the first point on his answer. But I'll leave this here as it's an example of what he said.

Edit2: Missed the incrementation of screenx prior to entering the loop.

StackExchange Code Review Q#45381, answer score: 7