Optimize Collatz conjecture

This was the exercise:


Exercise PSD


Think about a number under 25. Write down the number. If the number is
even, divide in to two en write down the result below. If the number
isn’t even (the number is odd) multiply the number with 3 and add 1.
Write down this number. Repeat until the answer is 1. Write the code
for this problem.


Example:

13    14
40    7
20    22
10    11
5     34
16    52
8     26
4     13
2     40
1     20
      10
      5
      16
      8
      4
      2
      1

How can I optimize this code? For example, is it possible to write it shorter or better performance?

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Main {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        int i = sc.nextInt();
        PSD(i);
    }

    public static void PSD(int x) {
        if(x == 1){
            System.out.println(x);
        }
            else if (x % 2 == 0) {
            System.out.println(x);
                PSD((x / 2));
            } else {
            System.out.println(x);
                PSD((x * 3)+1);
            }
        }
    }

Printing in a Function

A function should really only be doing one thing. Yours calculates and prints. This makes it hard to reuse the function, and it also slows it down. Collect the result inside the function (ideally using a StringBuilder for performance reasons), return the result, and print it elsewhere.

Style

Your indentation is off, which makes your code hard to read. You can fix this easily with any IDE.

Duplication

Your else if and else blocks contain some duplication. You could calculate the value you pass to PSD in there, and call System.out.println and PSD outside, only once.

With these points, your code might look like this:

public static String PSD(int x, StringBuilder result) {
    if (x == 1) {
        result.append(x);
        return result.toString();
    }

    int value;
    if (x % 2 == 0) {
        value = x / 2;
    } else {
        value = (x * 3) + 1;
    }
    result.append(x);
    result.append("\n");
    return PSD(value, result);
}

Recursive Functions

Recursive functions generally perform worse than iterative approaches. An iterative approach might look like this:

public static String PSD(int x) {
    StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
    while (x != 1) {
        result.append(x);
        result.append("\n");
        if (x % 2 == 0) {
            x /= 2;
        } else {
            x = (x * 3) + 1;
        }
    }
    result.append(1);
    return result.toString();
}

StackExchange Code Review Q#90407, answer score: 7