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od — Display file contents in octal, decimal, or hexadecimal format. Optionally display the byte offsets

Submitted by: @import:tldr-pages··
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Problem

How to use the od command: Display file contents in octal, decimal, or hexadecimal format. Optionally display the byte offsets and/or printable representation for each line. See also: hexyl, xxd, hexdump. More information: <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/html_node/od-invocation.html>.

Solution

od — Display file contents in octal, decimal, or hexadecimal format. Optionally display the byte offsets and/or printable representation for each line. See also: hexyl, xxd, hexdump. More information: <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/html_node/od-invocation.html>.

Display file using default settings: octal format, 8 bytes per line, byte offsets in octal, and duplicate lines replaced with *:
od {{path/to/file}}


Display file in verbose mode, i.e. without replacing duplicate lines with *:
od {{[-v|--output-duplicates]}} {{path/to/file}}


Display file in hexadecimal format (2-byte units), with byte offsets in decimal format:
od {{[-t|--format]}} {{x}} {{[-A|--address-radix]}} {{d}} {{[-v|--output-duplicates]}} {{path/to/file}}


Display file in hexadecimal format (1-byte units), and 4 bytes per line:
od {{[-t|--format]}} {{x1}} {{[-w|--width=]}}4 {{[-v|--output-duplicates]}} {{path/to/file}}


Display file in hexadecimal format along with its character representation, and do not print byte offsets:
od {{[-t|--format]}} {{xz}} {{[-A|--address-radix]}} {{n}} {{[-v|--output-duplicates]}} {{path/to/file}}


Read only 100 bytes of a file starting from the 500th byte:
od {{[-N|--read-bytes]}} 100 {{[-j|--skip-bytes]}} 500 {{[-v|--output-duplicates]}} {{path/to/file}}

Code Snippets

Display file using default settings: octal format, 8 bytes per line, byte offsets in octal, and duplicate lines replaced with `*`

od {{path/to/file}}

Display file in verbose mode, i.e. without replacing duplicate lines with `*`

od {{[-v|--output-duplicates]}} {{path/to/file}}

Display file in hexadecimal format (2-byte units), with byte offsets in decimal format

od {{[-t|--format]}} {{x}} {{[-A|--address-radix]}} {{d}} {{[-v|--output-duplicates]}} {{path/to/file}}

Display file in hexadecimal format (1-byte units), and 4 bytes per line

od {{[-t|--format]}} {{x1}} {{[-w|--width=]}}4 {{[-v|--output-duplicates]}} {{path/to/file}}

Display file in hexadecimal format along with its character representation, and do not print byte offsets

od {{[-t|--format]}} {{xz}} {{[-A|--address-radix]}} {{n}} {{[-v|--output-duplicates]}} {{path/to/file}}

Context

tldr-pages: common/od

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