snippetbashTip

sudo — Execute a single command as the superuser or another user. See also: `pkexec`, `run0`, `doas`. More

Submitted by: @import:tldr-pages·Mar 2, 2026·

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thecommandsudoexecuteclisuperusersingle

Problem

How to use the sudo command: Execute a single command as the superuser or another user. See also: pkexec, run0, doas. More information: <https://www.sudo.ws/sudo.html>.

Solution

sudo — Execute a single command as the superuser or another user. See also: pkexec, run0, doas. More information: <https://www.sudo.ws/sudo.html>.

Run a command as the superuser:

sudo {{less /var/log/syslog}}

Edit a file as the superuser with your default editor:

sudo {{[-e|--edit]}} {{/etc/fstab}}

Run a command as another user and/or group:

sudo {{[-u|--user]}} {{user}} {{[-g|--group]}} {{group}} {{id -a}}

Repeat the last command prefixed with sudo (only in Bash, Zsh, etc.):

sudo !!

Launch the default shell with superuser privileges and run login-specific files (.profile, .bash_profile, etc.):

sudo {{[-i|--login]}}

Launch the default shell with superuser privileges without changing the environment:

sudo {{[-s|--shell]}}

Launch the default shell as the specified user, loading the user's environment and reading login-specific files (.profile, .bash_profile, etc.):

sudo {{[-i|--login]}} {{[-u|--user]}} {{user}}

List the allowed (and forbidden) commands for the invoking user:

sudo {{[-ll|--list --list]}}

Code Snippets

Run a command as the superuser

sudo {{less /var/log/syslog}}

Edit a file as the superuser with your default editor

sudo {{[-e|--edit]}} {{/etc/fstab}}

Run a command as another user and/or group

sudo {{[-u|--user]}} {{user}} {{[-g|--group]}} {{group}} {{id -a}}

Repeat the last command prefixed with `sudo` (only in Bash, Zsh, etc.)

sudo !!

Launch the default shell with superuser privileges and run login-specific files (`.profile`, `.bash_profile`, etc.)

sudo {{[-i|--login]}}

Context

tldr-pages: common/sudo

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